home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Wayzata World Factbook 1996
/
The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
/
mac
/
TEXT
/
terror
/
URNG
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-01-11
|
7KB
|
136 lines
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG)
Date Formed: 1982.
Estimated Membership: An estimated 1,500 guerrillas from various
groups. The URNG is a loose coalition of three
of the major insurgent groups in Guatemala
that have used terrorist tactics - the
Revolutionary Organization of the People in
Arms (ORA), the Guerrilla Army of the Poor
(EGP), and the Rebel Armed Forces (FAR).
Headquarters: Delegations in Mexico City, Havana, and Managua.
Area of Operations: Rural Guatemala, with the OPR in the southwest,
the EGP mainly in the northwest highlands, and
the FAR in the extreme north in Peten Department.
Leadership: Leaders of each group are believed to form the joint
leadership of the URNG, including Rodrigo Asturias
Amado ("Gaspar Ilom") of the ORPA, Jorge Soto Garcia
("Pablo Monsanto") of the FAR, and Ricardo Ramirez de
Leon ("Rolando Moran") of the EGP.
Other Names: Political arm is known as the Guatemalan Committee for
Patriotic Unity (CGUP). Sometimes claims operations in
the name of any of its individual component groups.
Sponsors: Cuba.
Political Objectives/Target Audiences:
* Unit the guerrillas and revolutionary front organizations into a
broad coalition to achieve the unity necessary to launch a
"people's revolutionary war."
* Defeat the "power of national and foreign wealth and install a
patriotic, revolutionary, and democratic people's government."
Background
In 1980, the three groups of the URNG signed a unity agreement that
was a precondition for increased Cuban support. The URNG was formalized
in Havana in February 1982. As a result, the Government of Guatemala
launched a large counteroffensive in an attempt to eliminate the
guerrillas' popular support base. By the end of that year, the
guerrillas were on the defensive and decreased activity for the next
two years. In February 1985, they announced "a new stage of military
struggle" but showed no evidence of being able to expand their
operations.
Cooperation and coordination among the groups is incomplete and
irregular. Nonetheless, the URNG stresses joint political-military
operations and coordination among its member groups on matters
pertaining to territorial responsibilities, tactics, strategy, and
external support. Cooperation between groups seems to work best in rural
areas, mainly among the ORPA and the FAR. Cuba has assisted the URNG by
supplying various groups with Western-made weapons such as assault
rifles, recoilless rifles, machineguns, grenade launchers, and mortars,
as well as Chinese-made Type-56 RPG-2 rocket launchers.
In the 1960s, Cuba provided a great deal of aid, including weapons,
training, logistic, political, and propaganda support to the FAR, the
first of the Guatemalan groups to be formed. Recent Cuban support is
suspected to be limited to minor financial aid for black market arms
purchases. Nicaragua is believed to provide some aid. URNG groups also
have ties with various Latin American terrorist organizations and
solidarity movements in Latin America, Canada, the United States, and
Europe.
All three member groups of the URNG are anti-U.S. and have taken
part in operations such as assassinations of civilians and economic
sabotage, though most of their activities have been directed at the
Army. The FAR is the oldest and most established of the organizations
and seems to recover rapidly from serious losses, though it has not
been as severely threatened as have the ORPA and the EGP. When
guerrilla activity is too difficult to undertake, the FAR seems
the most willing to resort to terrorist operations to remind the
country that it still exists. A separate list of the FAR's
activities is provided below.
Selected Incident Chronology
December 1983 - Hurled a fragmentation grenade at the Salvadoran
Embassy in Guatemala City, causing material damage
only.
January 1984 - Attacked the official residence of junta leader General
Oscar Mejia Victores with machineguns and grenade
launchers.
January 1985 - Occupied four towns in El Peten Department during a
3-day period and destroyed a Government vehicle
transporting road construction materials.
October 1985 - Blew up a light aircraft when it tried to land on a
mined airstrip of the Panama Farm in Suchitepquez
Department, killing the Norwegian Consul in Guatemala.
FAR Attacks
January 1968 - Machine-gunned and killed the head of the U.S. Military
Mission and the U.S. Naval Attache in Guatemala City.
Two other members of the U.S. Military Mission were
wounded in the attack.
August 1968 - Assassinated U.S. Ambassador John Gordon Mein on a
Guatemala City street after he resisted an apparent
kidnaping attempt.
March 1979 - Assassinated an industrialist/landowner in Guatemala City
who was the manager of two Us-owned enterprises in
Huehuetenango.
February 1985 - Occupied seven villages and terrorized a U.S. oil
company camp in El Peten Department.
July 1985 - Occupied the camp of a foreign oil company, two towns,
and two highway sections. Clashed with Army troops in
northern El Peten.
February 1986 - Occupied the Hispanoil oil-drilling camp in El Peten
and carried out sabotage actions.
March 1986 - Occupied the Chinaja oil well in Alta Verapaz Department
and carried out sabotage actions.
May 1986 - Occupied several towns, sabotaged a pipeline, and attacked
an Army company in El Peten.
March 1991 - Admitted firing on the helicopter carrying
Guatemala's new president, Jorge Serrano Elias, but claimed
they thought the helicopter was carrying out rocket attacks
against guerrilla columns.